The decision was taken in the utmost discretion. Its formalization should be much noise. France is preparing to make seven paintings looted during World War II to two Jewish families and currently kept in French museums? Ais.

After several years of investigation and research conducted by various organizations and historians, the government decided to restore these works, signed Alessandro Longhi, Sebastiano Ricci, Gaspare Diziani Salvator Fontebasso Francesco Gaetano Gandolfi, Fran? Ois- Charles Palko and Pieter Jansz. van Asch. Four of them are in the Louvre, the other three museums in Tours, Saint-Etienne and Agen. For the museum Adolf Hitler wanted to build in his hometown of Linz, these classic Italian paintings, Dutch and German were recovered by the Allies in Germany and returned to France.

Seven at one blow, so: for the years 1999-2000, but never such a large amount of work had been done. This event illustrates fa? Strengths offered by the digital revolution is brilliant. It highlights the difficulties often deficiencies observed so far in identifying the owners of works dormant. Finally, he reminded the reality of the landscape at the Liberation, with its mass of objects to manage its amazing success (45 000 objects returned on some 100,000 looted during the war), but also its misdirection.

UNKNOWN ORIGIN

Filed under MNR707 number in the registry tables of unknown origin, the Dutch genre scene by Pieter van Asch (1603-1678) would never have to? come to France. Before the Second World War, its owner, the banker Josef Wiener, lived in Prague. His private collection of Brueghel, Backhuysen, Reynolds, Backer and Snyder included a painting attributed to the Dutch painter named Barent Gael front of the hostel.

After the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Nazis in 1939, the Gestapo enters the apartment of Wiener and grabbed jewelry, carpets, furniture, paintings. Josef Wiener was deported to Theresienstadt July 30, 1942 and killed five days later. His wife, Hede, managed to flee to London.

As for the paintings, many were dispersed at a sale in November 1941. Before we find the inn in the collection of Martin Bormann Nazi dignitary. The canvas is transferred to the Munich Central Collecting Point.

Difficult to navigate in the tens of thousands of objects gathered here by the Allies. Confusion with another Barent Gael, France seized, led the table to Paris. The error was quickly recognized, especially as the fabric is not Gael, but Van Asch, according to the French experts? Ais. It therefore includes the repertoire of works dormant (MNR) under the new allocation and under the name of La Halte, since it represents a soldier on horseback stopped at an inn.

RECONCILIATION

A different way, a new author, a foreign country … The research started in Germany by the widow of Josef Wiener, the Liberation remain unsuccessful. And in France, the owner is still unknown. The table is deposited in the Louvre. He stayed there until today. In the mid-2000s, the son of the second husband Hede Wiener resumes the search. Meanwhile, many German records, English, American, and that the MNR has been posted. Comparing the description of the catalog of 1941 with the image of MNR, a first approximation is made. Dimensions co? Coincide. When the change of assignment is found, the question is no longer possible. In early 2012, the Ministry of Culture concluded the necessary return of the painting. Matignon confirmed. Since we expect a date to be found.

The presentation of the six tables Neumann collection should provide an opportunity. This time it is a good comfortable French history?, If we can say that tells the saga of these works. That of its immigrants, already robbed in their country of origin, and who believe they can find refuge in the land of freedom. Richard Neumann is one of them. Upon entry of German troops into Austria, the textile industrialist left Vienna, joined by his wife and daughter. Behind them, they left their business, their home and some of their major paintings collection, requisitioned for Austrian museums. But most of the tables below. End of 1941, the fate of the Jews in France becomes untenable, another exile is required. To pay the smugglers, he sells or pleased t sell out, his entire collection.

Over the next few years, Richard Neumann, installed in Cuba, do not think too much his works. Contrema? Be a textile factory in the day, a lecturer in art history at night, he tries to rebuild. After the Liberation, however, he took the French authorities? Ease. A carved chest and a table shall be restored. It will also be compensated by the German authorities for the missing furniture. But most of its applications are unsuccessful.

End of 1990, the Matteoli Commission, charged by the government to reopen the files, looks at his case. “In the archives, we have found an application written by the daughter of Richard Neumann fa? Is pretty basic,” laments the art historian Muriel Bastier, then assigned to the commission and today ‘ Today responsible for artwork on the Commission to compensate victims of spoliation (CIVS). The document does indeed state a “large format” Veronese, Abraham and the angel.

A table laid in the Louvre has been entrusted to the Museum of Saint-Etienne in the title Abraham and the Three Angels. But its format (88 ?? 87 cm) and especially its author, Sebastiano Ricci, does not establish the link.

DATE OF RETURN

This is an Austrian historian Sophie Lillie, spoliation Viennese specialist, who will. Requested by the grand-son of Richard Neumann, Tom Selldorff she first track tables requisitioned by the Nazis in Vienna.

After ten years of battle, six works were returned to the family in 2007 and 2012. Similarly, starting from a list compiled before the war, she reconstructs the story of six “MNR”, purchased by three German merchants in Paris and for the museum Adolf Hitler in Linz. In German archives, she found evidence that the works were returned to France. It remains for him to compare with the MNR register now online. “Without the Internet, I would probably never finish it” recognize? Does.

Must still convince the French authorities? Ease. If CIVS switch quickly, the Direction des Mus??es de France has two years to respond positively … for two tables. For the other four, she wants “clarification”. CIVS overrides. In December 2012, she recommends the return of six works, quickly followed by Matignon. “Mr. Selldorff was 82 years old, time was running out, especially since this issue is exemplary,” insists Muriel Bastier.

Copy effect: where necessary sharing among heirs often leads families to sell at exorbitant prices the paintings returned, Tom Selldorff got other beneficiaries that they waive them. “Our goal is not to make money, but to our children and grandchildren love the art of my grandfather,” he says, on the phone, the United States.

Today, Tom Selldorff not waiting for one thing: the return date. “It is not yet determined,” said Will we in the Ministry of Culture. The last time the old man saw the pictures, he was a child: it was in Vienna before the war, in the apartment of Richard Neumann.

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The same day of his renunciation, 28 February last, Beno? T XVI has rendered a last tribute to a cardinal who worked, to its c? Tees, to the drafting of the new catechism of the Catholic Church promulgated in 1992: Mgr Jean Honor??, former archbishop of Tours (Indre-et-Loire).

Born on 13 ao? T 1920 to Saint-Brice-en-Cogl??s (Ile-et-Vilaine) and death February 28th 2013 in Tours, at the age of 92 years, this son of a butcher of Ile-et -Vilaine had been ordained priest in 1943 for the diocese of Rennes. He continued his studies at the Catholic University of Paris for obtain a doctorate in theology which will allow him to devote himself to the education, particularly at Grand S??minaire de Rennes whose it will director from 1948 to 1958. Buff the catechetical question, Mgr Honor?? will director of the National Centre of religious Education, for six years, before becoming rector of the Catholic University of the West, Angers, in 1964.

THE CAUSE OF TEACHING CATHOLIC

Appointed Bishop of Evreux by Paul VI, in 1972, he succeeds Bishop Ferrand as Archbishop of Tours, in 1981. As president of the Episcopal Commission the school and university world, Mgr Honor?? supports with determination the cause of Catholic teaching during the crisis of 1984. In 1986, Joseph Ratzinger, future Beno? T XVI, chooses the Archbishop of Tours to participate in drafting the new catechism of the Catholic Church.

This designation, he wrote, three months ago in the diocesan publication of Tours, “was one of the major graces of my life. I was loaded with a English cardinal of write the part concerning morality. It is she who has fact the more debate notably with the issue of death penalty. “If thereof was not excluded for cases of extreme gravity in the Catholic instruction to 2865 paragraphs, Jean-Paul II and Beno item? t XVI have subsequently opted in favor of an international abolition.

THE VENUE DE JEAN-PAUL II in TOURS

A Tours, the year of glory of Mgr Honor?? was 1996 with the coming of pope Jean-Paul II, to the centenary 16th of the death of Saint-Martin, first bishop of the city (316-397). In the basilica where man to the shared has his tomb coat, the Pope had expressed his towards solidarity “the wounded of life”. Five years later, in 2001, Mgr Honor?? will be appointed cardinal by Jean-Paul II. In 2001 and 2002, he presides the Doctrinal Commission of the bishops of France.

Mgr Honor?? will not had time to Conna? Be the successor of Beno? T XVI. Interrogated very recently on the criteria of spiritual discernment for the future Pope, Mgr Honor?? had confided to the weekly Christian Family: “The successor of Pierre must be a man both kneaded of spirituality and equipped indispensable human qualities in the conduct d ‘an institution like the Church “. He had also made hand, at its entourage, of its concerns about the endangerment of the Church with the scandals.

Victim of pulmonary trouble, Mgr Honor??, lived removed in its flag of La Membrolle-sur-Choisille, near Tours. Enthusiast poker and automotive races, he had just published a new book on the cardinal John Henry Newmann who had worked in the nineteenth century for the renewal of the Church. He had borrowed to the ecclesiastical anglican converted to Catholicism, beatified in 2010, his episcopal motto Cor ad cor loquitur (“the c? Ur speaks to the heart”)….

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Pascale Ferran, director of Lady Chatterley (2006), is one of the signatories of the 1600 petition to” save cinema fran? ais. “in case, the collective agreement of the film, which divides the profession. But initiated the” 13 Club “, a discussion group on the financing of copyright movies, hesitated before signing the call. because, she said, a collective agreement is absolutely essential.

The movie rips on the wages of technicians …

A film is a small country. But we feel the tears in the fabric, as ever. Everything must be done to repair, mend. To understand the situation, we must start from simple observations. First, there are more and more expensive films and movies very poor, and fewer movies “in the middle” (between 3 and 10 million budget). The gap continues to widen. Consequence movies overfunded …

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The title, already makes you want to love this show: Life is a great improvisation. Just read the mind’s Day Out. At the end of the performance, it is the emotion that you hugged. In Theatre of Mathurin, Bruno Abraham-Kremer puts theater correspondence Jank??l??vitch philosopher Vladimir (1903-1985). Dr? The idea, you say you maybe.

You can leave your worries at the door. Life …, which sold out every weekend is a rare moment of theater, where the thought of one of the most singular of the French intellectual life characters? Comfortable incarnates vividly. For sixty years, “Janke” wrote to his friend Louis Beauduc, who had been his roommate at the Ecole Normale Sup??rieure of the rue d’Ulm in Paris, where they entered in 1922.

A aggregation of philosophy in 1926 Jank??l??vitch is re? U first Beauduc second. Their paths diverge: the first selects the royal way of writing and the University of Paris. The second part to Limoges, as a teacher. They do not cease to write, until the death of Louis Beauduc in 1980.

If the show Bruno Abraham-Kremer …

Paris, 15 December 2012. In his studio work, white and bright, overlooking a large square, the French designer? Ais arises in polo and unfussy. He has his wife, Jasmine, and demand from the outset what it can do for you. This is not a posture. For him, the important in design as in love, is a place to another. It is funny? The available and gentleman. The voice is soft, sometimes broken by a laugh. He does not like to talk but he has much to say. After more than two hours of maintenance, it must spin scooter to an appointment. And loose, “For once it is interesting …” Selected pieces.

“Every night when I sleep, I go to work”

“There are two days, good and bad. The good news is when I lay tt yesterday. Towards one o’clock in the morning. ‘Cause when I sleep, it happens a lot. Every night After I finished reading, I go to work I told my wife.. “I go to work” The night is almost terrible, I saw my real life, I go to worlds, I saw situations I feel the smell, I see things that do not exist and for which there is no indication in our world. Every night, I go elsewhere, in vivid dreams. Sometimes in the morning, I say it ‘ is good, but I forgot that they are dreams. Yet it does not serve me as? was in my work. Except for the office of Fran? ois Mitterrand I con? u after dreamed. And rev …

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“$”No future”, predicted the Sex Pistols. If the punk explosion that tore the post-hippie scene a few short years of turbulence is generally limited – 1976 to 1978 – its impact has extended far beyond (the Russian subversion Pussy Riots being one of the most recent examples). In this Art of Punk iconography gargantuan, two Englishmen, historians of design and popular music, retrace the saga of this music. They are mostly attached to expose the roots and the steps of a graphic and stylistic revolution that overthrew the field of art and fashion.$”

The PACS partner and partner do not always have the right to receive the survivor’s pension.

| REUTERS / STEPHANE MAHEPr??parer his estate, it is not only about the fate of its heritage and its distribution among his heirs. It is also considered the different ways to allow the “half” to maintain his lifestyle, first and foremost the ability to perceive or not a survivor’s pension.

All mandatory pension schemes provide, when you die, the repayment of a portion of his retirement as a survivor’s pension. This right is open to both men and women. But it is available to the surviving spouse in the strict sense of the term. PACS partner and partner therefore still have no right, whatever the duration of their life with the deceased, and even if they had children together.

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Basic plans: resource conditions

Except in the public service, the rules for awarding pensions are the same in all the pension base: employees, artisans, commercial ants, professions?.

To be eligible, simply being married to the deceased. Regardless of the length of the marriage. Does it matter that the survivor remarries or living with a partner.

But to collect his pension on the death of his spouse, the person must be at least 55 and less than 19 euros 614.4 per year in 2013 revenues (EUR 383.4 31 if couple lives after the death of his spouse). If revenues exceed the cap, would that one euro, the surviving spouse can not collect the pension. But may reapply if their incomes fall.

The amount of the pension is normally equal to 54% of the pension of the deceased. But the amount actually paid may be reduced if the total income of the spouse and survivor pension exceeds the income ceiling (the pension shall be reduced by the amount of the excess) or in the presence of ex-spouses, even remarried to the deceased.

Complementary schemes: not remarry

The award of pensions paid by the supplementary pension rules vary significantly from one plan to another.

In additional Arrco and Agirc, the survivor can receive a survivor’s pension (60% of the pension of his deceased spouse), regardless of the amount of its income, provided he does not remarry.

There can be no claim that from 55 years to a survivor’s pension of Arrco and from 60 years for the Agirc. However, if at least two dependent children at the date of death of her husband, he may receive the pension immediately. In the presence of non-remarried former spouses, the amount of the pension is divided between them in proportion to the duration of marriages.

? The new single complementary scheme for artisans and commercial ants, in force since January 1, the surviving spouse is entitled to a survivor’s pension – 60% of the rights acquired by the deceased – from 55, even if remarried, or if remarried thereafter.

But his payment depends on a means test: its income must not exceed EUR 74 064 per year in 2013, he lives alone or in pairs. When the amount of added income of the survivor’s pension exceeds this limit, the pension is reduced.

In supplemental pension professionals, each working section has its own rules. Generally, the surviving spouse is entitled to payment of a survivor’s pension – 60% of the rights of the deceased – from age 60, regardless of the length of the marriage with the deceased, if they had children together. Childless, a length of marriage at least two years is usually required. In all cases, the payment is subject to a condition of non-remarriage.

Public Service: a separate regime

In the public service, the pension is equal to 50% of the pension the deceased received or would per? Ue. As in other systems, it is reserved for married couples.

But there is no age requirement, or resources, or duration of marriage if the couple had at least one child. Otherwise, the marriage must have lasted at least four years, or if the deceased was already retired, it is necessary that the marriage took place two years before his retirement. Last condition to perceive: the recipient must not remarry, nor PACS or living with a partner.

Like the complementary health cover the majority of employees, companies will they bring in the future to hedge against the risk of addiction? It is the wish of many organizations, which have developed specific contracts within the collective framework. With these products, it is the company who signs a contract for the benefit of its employees and pays part of the premiums, which makes the price much more accessible.

“This is a fledgling market, said immediately Alexandrine de Vallois, Director of Strategic Marketing at Malakoff Mederic. Currently, some large companies have already subscribed. And some occupations, such as fish and jewelry, signed agreements, but it is marginal. ”

Especially with the increase in co? Ts complementary health and welfare, budgets employers are put to the test, leaving little room to fund a new venture. “Many HR departments believe that it is not their responsibility. For them, the risk, which is realized principally in the great age, a matter of national solidarity,” said Jean-Fran? Ois Ropelewski, director of marketing AG2R La Mondiale, which nonetheless betting on a change in attitudes.

REDUCTION FOR EMPLOYEES

According to the insurers, different mechanisms can be put in place. At Malakoff Mederic example, each employee shall earn points based on the contributions. When the employee retires, these points are eligible for a reduced rate when buying an individual policy. “A person who pays for twenty years in the business gets a 60% reduction,” explains Ms. de Vallois. AG2R La Mondiale, businesses and employees pay contributions into a fund and, at the retirement, the employee has a guarantee in the amount of money that has been made in his favor. It can then increase its protection by the interplay of individual contracts. “The warranty is granted to the employee at time of application,” emphasizes Mr. Ropelewski.

In addition to the financial contribution of the company, this type of contract is considered more advantageous by its proponents, because it leads employees to contribute when they are still young, so with co? Ts lower. The contracts also include assistive devices to assist employees when they are called upon to help a loved one who lost their autonomy.

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The Government of New Caledonia, French archipelago? Boards of the South Pacific, has decided to ban shark fishing throughout its exclusive economic zone ( EEZ). “The New Caledonia took the decision to ban fishing, taking, possession or sale of all shark species,” officials said. The EEZ has an area of ??1.4 million square kilometers.

For fifteen years, scientists find overexploitation, worldwide, sharks, caught especially for cutting wing, mainly by Asian fleets, it was the same source. The New Caledonian government also prohibits any activity as free or paid based on the observation of previously attracted sharks by humans through food, commonly known as “shark feeding”.

Fishing in small quantities of mako inside the lagoon is permitted.

In the region, several states and territories have already taken this step, such as French Polynesia? Comfortable, Palau, the? Marshall or? Cook, in line with the policy of the Regional Fisheries Commission WCPO . “There are no Asian fleets are in the EEZ of New Caledonia, but it will prevent any attempt. This is a very good decision, because it affects all species,” said Thea Jacob, coordinator ecoregional WWF (World Wildlife Fund). “The shark is a key element of the chain is food and the balance of marine ecosystems,” she also said.

The type of semi-automatic rifle used by Adam Lanza to kill 20 children and six adults on December 14 in the American School of Newtown will counter, after the decision Tuesday, March 19 elected Democrats in the Senate to abandon a measure to ban assault weapons. Evoked by Barack Obama in the wake of the massacre, the project did not survive the strong opposition defenders to carry arms.

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The leader of the Democratic majority in the Senate, Harry Reid, said Tuesday that the text does not have the support they need to survive.

Less than 40 elected on the 100 that make up the U.S. Senate, are willing to support the project of Barack Obama to ban assault rifles, said Tuesday the head of the Democratic majority, Harry Reid. “Today,” Bill this by Senator Dianne Feinstein of California “is less than 40 supporters,” he said.

The bill will be detached from the rest of the reform measures on which the Upper House is expected to vote in the coming weeks. She will vote independently in the form of an amendment should be rejected.

Dianne Feinstein, Democratic Senator behind the text, told reporters his disappointment. “You know, on this, the enemies are very powerful, I knew all my life,” she said, quoted by USA Today.

A SIMPLE CALCULATION ELECTORAL

Scalded by the proposed ban, the powerful gun lobby, the National Rifle Association (NRA) has done everything to kill the text, enjoying the support of many elected Republicans and Democrats it funds each election and fear of offending. The citizens hostile to the project could also leave messages in that their representative on the website of the organization.

According to a study General Social Survey released last week, 34% of households have guns. A right to defend itself guaranteed by the Supreme Court.

For Alan Gottlieb, executive vice president of the Foundation for the Second Amendment (named for the constitutional amendment on the right to bear arms), this capitulation is not a surprise and is explained by a simple electoral calculation. “Many Democrats do not want to face the upcoming elections in voting for? has,” he said, referring to conservative and rural senators of states where guns are commonplace.

The text would have banned all over the country the manufacture, importation and sale of guns and semi-automatic military-style rifles, called “assault” weapons that can take a lot of bullets very quickly, as the AR-15 used by Adam Lanza. But the current owners would not have to make their own. Currently, only seven states and the federal capital Washington ban these weapons. The high capacity magazines, more than 10 bullets, were also prohibited.

THREE OTHER MEASURES

The future of three other measures in committee, however, seemed more assured in the Senate: the generalization of identity checks and criminal records before purchase, even in the arms fairs and on the Internet, and the criminalization of purchases of weapons made for a person who does not have the right to own, and new funding to strengthen security in schools.

Associations campaigning for years to strengthen the legislation have a low profile Tuesday. In a statement, the largest association Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence said simply hope. “We expect the Senate debates and we still believe that all measures adopted in committee should be part of the solution,” says a spokeswoman.

The full Senate will vote on the measures in the coming weeks, then the House of Representatives, embroidered cated by the Republicans will have to decide before that Obama could enact reforms. But Republican Senator James Inhofe, however, said Tuesday that the House would vote against each of the three remaining measures.